Crinipellis zonata

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Crinipellis_zonata.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone or in small clusters on the woody debris of oaks and other hardwoods (sticks, logs) or rarely on decaying leaves; summer and fall; widely distributed east of the Great Plains.

Cap: 1-3 cm across (rarely to 4 cm); convex or nearly flat; usually with a distinctive, small central depression that may feature a tiny bump inside the depression; densely hairy, with the hairs often aggregating slightly to give the impression of vague radial veins; dry; tawny brown; often with obscurely concentric zones of color and texture, especially with age or in dry conditions; the margin inrolled.

Gills: Free from the stem or nearly so; crowded or close; white to ivory; not discoloring, or discoloring a little brownish.

Stem: 2-9 cm long; 1-3 mm thick; equal; dry; densely hairy; hollow; colored like the cap or darker.

Flesh: Whitish in cap; insubstantial.

Odor and Taste: Taste mild to slightly mealy; odor not distinctive, or somewhat fishy or mealy.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface flashing pink to red, then black.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-8 x 3-5 ; smooth; elliptical; occasionally dextrinoid. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia variously shaped; irregular; fusiform to subclavate or cylindric overall, with one or two (rarely three) projections or sometimes vaguely lobed; to 45 x 15 . Pileipellis a densely tangled layer of dextrinoid, thick-walled, pointed hairs 4-8 wide. Clamp connections present.

Mycena leptocephala

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Mycena_leptocephala.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the debris of conifers; growing scattered to gregariously on the ground; spring and fall (or over winter in warmer climates); widely distributed in North America.

Cap: 1-4 cm; conical when young, becoming broadly conical, convex, or broadly bell-shaped; moist; with a whitish bloom when young, but soon bald; black or dark grayish brown when young, fading somewhat to grayish brown or gray with age; the margin faintly lined at first, later becoming more strongly lined.

Gills: Attached to the stem by a tooth; nearly distant; whitish or pale grayish.

Stem: 3-7 cm long; 1-3 mm thick; fragile; equal; hollow; with a whitish bloom at first, but soon bald; black to dark brown at first, becoming grayish or brownish; basal mycelium whitish.

Flesh: Insubstantial; pallid or grayish.

Odor and Taste: Odor strongly bleachlike; taste acidic and unpleasant.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-10 x 4-6 ; weakly to moderately amyloid; elliptical; smooth. Basidia usually 4-spored. Cheilocystidia abundant; 30-45 long; fusoid-ventricose, subcylindric, or clavate, without digitate projections. Pleurocystidia scattered or sometimes absent; similar to cheilocystidia. Pileipellis a cutis; uppermost elements digitate with short rod-like projections.

Craterellus ignicolor

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Craterellus_ignicolor.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks, beech, and birches; growing gregariously or in clusters in moss or sphagnum in damp, shady areas; apparently widely distributed in eastern North America; summer and fall. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Michigan.

Cap: 1.5-5 cm wide; planoconvex when very young but soon developing a central depression and, eventually, becoming vase-shaped, with a perforated center; with a wavy and often irregular or scalloped margin at maturity; slightly moist when fresh, but soon dry; bald or, when young, with a canescent sheen from tiny, appressed, whitish fibrils; bright orange to orangish yellow or brownish yellow, fading with age to dull yellowish.

Undersurface: With fairly well developed, thick, blunt false gills that run down the stem; becoming cross-veined; pale yellow to grayish at first, developing pinkish to faintly purplish hues at maturity and, eventually, becoming very pale tan.

Stem: 2-6 cm long; 3-10 mm thick; equal or tapering to base; becoming hollow; bald, with a somewhat waxy texture; bright orange-yellow to orange; basal mycelium bright yellow.

Flesh: Thin; whitish.

Odor and Taste: Taste not distinctive; odor not distinctive, or slightly fruity.

Spore Print: Pinkish yellow to yellow.

Chemical Reactions: Iron salts grayish to negative on undersurface; negative on flesh. KOH negative on cap surface.

Microscopic Features: Spores 9-12 x 6-8 ellipsoid; smooth; faintly ochraceous in KOH; with minutely granular contents; cyanophilous. Basidia 4-sterigmate; 65-75 long. Hymenial cystidia not found. Pileipellis not differentiated. Elements of upper surface 5-7.5 wide; hyaline in KOH; smooth; clamped at septa.

Agaricus reducibulbus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Agaricus_reducibulbus.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing gregariously in hardwood or conifer forests; summer and fall; documented by Kerrigan (2016) from Pennsylvania and New York. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 5-10 cm; convex to somewhat blocky at first, becoming broadly convex or nearly flat; dry; minutely radially silky; white; the margin not lined, yellowing slightly when rubbed repeatedly.

Gills: Free from the stem; crowded; short-gills frequent; white when young, becoming pink and eventually dark brown; when in the button stage covered with a whitish partial veil that may develop yellowish stains.

Stem: 5-10 cm long; 0.5-1.5 cm thick; equal above an abruptly bulbous base; the basal bulb often with a flattened upper side; bald; with a white ring; white; bruising yellowish toward the base when rubbed; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: White; unchanging when sliced; sometimes yellow in stem base.

Odor and Taste: Reminiscent of almonds.

Dried Specimens: Cap and stem dull orangish yellow.

Chemical Reactions: KOH yellow on cap surface.

Spore Print: Dark brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores: 5-6 x 3-4 m; ellipsoid; smooth; thick-walled; brown in KOH; brown in Melzer's. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia 18-30 x 4-8 m; multiseptate and catenulate; terminal elements subglobose; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH; soon collapsing. Pleurocystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis; elements 2.5-7.5 m wide, smooth, hyaline to yellowish in KOH.

#earthfirst #greenanarchism #postciv #directaction #defentnature #defentmotherearth #mixedmedia #collage #mastoart #fediart #shroom #mushrooms #pilze #anarchism

Hygrocybe subminiata

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hygrocybe_subminiata.html

Ecology: Precise ecological role uncertain (see Lodge and collaborators, 2013); growing gregariously in hardwood and conifer forests; summer through winter; originally described from Jamaica (Murrill 1911); possibly widely distributed in North America (reported from the southeastern United States, the Midwest, and the Pacific Northwest). The illustrated and described collection is from Illinois.

Cap: Up to 10 mm across; broadly convex, becoming planoconvex with a shallow central depression; sticky; bald; bright red; the margin somewhat wavy at maturity.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem or beginning to run down it; distant or nearly so; orangish or yellowish.

Stem: Up to 3 cm long and 2 mm thick; more or less equal; dry or a little moist, but not sticky; bald; pale orange to yellow.

Flesh: Insubstantial.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-9 x 4-5 m; ellipsoid or subcylindric; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 40-55 m long; 2-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia not found. Lamellar trama parallel. Pileipellis an ixocutis.

Inonotus quercustris

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Inonotus_quercustris.html

Ecology: Parasitic on living oaks (especially water oak); causing a white heart rot; annual; growing alone, gregariously, or in shelving clusters; usually found high on the tree (often out of reach); appearing year-round; to be expected along the Gulf Coast.

Cap: Up to 40 cm across and 20 cm deep; semicircular to fan-shaped; planoconvex or flat; velvety to finely hairy or, in age, nearly bald; yellow to orangish yellow, becoming rusty brown with age; the margin thick and soft when young.

Pore Surface: Bright yellow to creamy when young, becoming yellowish brown; bruising brown when young; with 3-5 angular pores per mm; tubes to 3 cm deep.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: Reddish brown; soft and watery at first, becoming tougher with age; faintly zoned or streaked (when young specimens are sliced the flesh is reminiscent of the flesh in Fistulina hepatica).

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste tangy or sour.

Chemical Reactions: Flesh and cap surface red to maroon, then quickly black with KOH.

Spore Print: Not documented; probably yellowish to brownish.

Microscopic Features: Spores 9-10 x 6-8 (Louisiana; Blackwell & Gilbertson), 7-10 x 5-7 (Argentina; Gottlieb et al.), or 5.5-7 x 4-5.5 (Missouri); smooth; ellipsoid; pale yellowish to brownish in KOH; inamyloid. Hymenial setae absent. Setal hyphae (tramal setae) dark reddish brown; thick-walled; long, with a tapered, fusoid end; to over 200 long and 10 wide. Hyphal system monomitic. Clamp connections absent.

Lycoperdon pyriforme

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Lycoperdon_pyriforme.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods or conifers; growing scattered or, more typically, in dense clusters (sometimes covering logs with hundreds of fruiting bodies); usually appearing in fall and early winter, but sometimes fruiting in spring and summer; very widely distributed and common in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Colorado, Illinois, and Québec.

Fruiting Body: More or less round when young, but by maturity usually shaped like an inverted pear; 2-3.5 cm wide; 2-4.5 cm high; dry; covered with tiny white spines when young and fresh; spines usually disappearing by maturity; typically with a pinched-off base; by maturity developing a central perforation through which spores are liberated by rain drops and wind currents; pale tan to yellowish brown; with a white, fleshy interior at first; later with yellowish to olive granular flesh and eventually filled with brownish spore dust; base attached to numerous white rhizomorphs.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on surfaces.

Microscopic Features: Spores 3.5-4.5 m; globose; smooth; without a pedicel. Capillitial threads olive to brownish in KOH; 3-5 m wide; aseptate; without pores.

Nidularia pulvinata

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Nidularia_pulvinata.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing scattered or gregariously on old, decorticated deadwood of hardwoods or conifers (including driftwood) in natural settings; usually growing on the upper sides of logs; summer and fall; originally described from the Carolinas; widely distributed in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Missouri and Ohio.

Nest: 5-10 mm across; shaped like a glob or a ball; outer surface finely shaggy, powdery, or velvety, becoming smoother with age (but often appearing "lumpy" as a result of being pressed against the eggs inside); brown or grayish brown (less often reddish brown), fading to pale brown or nearly white; at maturity breaking up irregularly to expose a pile of eggs.

Eggs: To 1 mm wide; irregularly shaped—ranging from circular to elliptical in outline, and from platelet-like to lozenge-like or lens-like overall; shiny; grayish brown; at first embedded in gel.

Dried Specimens: Brown overall; eggs not becoming wrinkled.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-9 x 4.5-5.5 m; ellipsoid; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Hyphae from cortex of peridiole inseparable; branching; thick-walled; brown in KOH. Hyphae of the peridium 2-8 m wide; smooth; spinose; brown in KOH. Clamp connections present.

Happy PiDay!

Suillus weaverae

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Suillus_weaverae.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with eastern white pine; growing alone or, more often, gregariously; summer (often among the first species of Suillus to appear) through early winter or, in warm climates, over winter; originally described from Minnesota (but see discussion above); widely distributed throughout the natural range of eastern white pine, as well as areas where the tree is widely planted in urban locations and in woodland plantations. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 3-20 cm across; convex becoming broadly convex or nearly flat; sticky or slimy when fresh; bald; orange-brown to reddish brown when young, often with the pigment breaking up into mosaic-like patches; becoming dull orangish brown, yellow-brown, pale brown, or tan with maturity and eventually, in decay, dark brown; margin when young sometimes soft, whitish, and overhanging by a few millimeters.

Pore Surface: Often beginning to run down the stem; whitish at first, but soon yellowish and eventually dull brownish yellow; sometimes dotted with droplets of cloudy liquid when young; not bruising, or sometimes bruising and spotting brownish; pores about 1 mm wide at maturity; not strongly boletinoid but sometimes weakly so in age; tubes up to 1 cm deep.

Stem: 4-8 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; equal or with a tapering base; with tiny, yellow to pinkish or brownish glandular dots on the upper half or overall; without a ring; white, developing bright yellow shades near the apex or overall; sometimes bruising slowly brown where handled; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: White at first, but soon pale yellow; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor a little fragrant, or not distinctive; taste slightly sour, or not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Ammonia negative on dark young caps, and negative on older, less pigmented caps; pink on flesh; dull salmon pink on pore surface. KOH flashing dark green, then resolving to greenish black on young caps, but merely dark gray on older caps; dark gray to purplish or bluish on flesh; dull salmon pink on pore surface. Iron salts gray on young caps, but negative on older caps; bluish to purplish on flesh; olive to green on pore surface.

Spore Print: Cinnamon brown to brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-10 x 2-3 m; boletoid-fusiform; smooth; hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Basidia 22-28 x 4-5 m; subclavate; 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia in bundles; 30-90 x 4-11 m when clearly defined; cylindric with subclavate apices, or fusiform to lageniform; smooth; thin-walled; brown in KOH; often gelatinizing and poorly defined individually. Pileipellis an ixocutis; elements in young caps often obscured by extensive gelatinization and dark yellow-brown pigment globules; elements in older caps 2.5-10 wide, smooth or appearing encrusted by tiny pigment globules, brownish to brown in KOH.

Aureoboletus mirabilis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Aureoboletus_mirabilis.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal; associated with hemlocks; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously on well-decayed, mossy hemlock stumps and logs—or terrestrially in the vicinity of hemlock stumps; fall and winter; distributed from northern California to Alaska. The illustrated and described collection is from Oregon.

Cap: 8-16 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex or slightly bell-shaped; dry; granular-felty, becoming finely scaly with age; brownish red to brownish purple; the margin with an overhanging, sterile portion.

Pore Surface: Bright to dull yellow when young; becoming olive yellow as spores mature; not bruising; about 1 pore per mm at maturity; tubes to 2 cm deep.

Stem: 7-10 cm long; 1.5-3 cm thick; club-shaped, especially when young; solid; yellow at apex but elsewhere dark brown to dark reddish brown, streaked with paler areas; not bruising; bald below and sometimes overall, but usually coarsely reticulate over the upper portion.

Flesh: Whitish to pale yellowish; sometimes purplish under the cap cuticle; not staining on exposure.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: Olive brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 16-22 x 6-8 m; fusiform; smooth; golden in KOH. Basidia 4-sterigmate; about 40 x 12.5 m; clavate. Hymenial cystidia 60-80 x 7.5-12.5 m; cylindric to fusiform; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a trichoderm; elements 4-8 m wide, smooth or slightly encrusted, hyaline to golden in KOH; terminal cells subclavate, or cylindric with rounded apices.

Happy Friday friends, here’s a drawing of some mushrooms
#mushrooms #doodle #sketch #sketchbook #drawing #illustration #art

Crepidotus cinnabarinus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Crepidotus_cinnabarinus.html

Ecology: Probably saprobic, but see the comments above; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously on the well decayed deadwood of hardwoods (especially basswood and aspens); fairly rare; widely distributed east of the Great Plains, from southern Canada to Mexico. The illustrated and described collections are from Michigan and Ohio.

Cap: 2-18 mm across; semicircular, shell-shaped, or fan-shaped; finely fuzzy when fresh, becoming minutely pitted or more or less bald; dry; bright orangish red.

Gills: Close or nearly distant; when young yellow with red edges or red overall; becoming dull brown with maturity.

Stem: Absent, but a pale, lateral pseudostem is occasionally present.

Flesh: Soft; thin; whitish to yellowish; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface slowly dark red.

Spore Print: Brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-7 x 4-5 m; broadly ellipsoid; finely roughened, but often appearing more or less smooth; hyaline in KOH; faintly to moderately dextrinoid. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Pleurocystidia not found. Cheilocystidia 50-60 x 6-6 m; cylindric with rounded or subfusiform apices; flexuous; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a cutis; elements 2.5-5 m wide, hyaline to pinkish orange in KOH, smooth. Clamp connections not found.

Fashionable muted hues on these Turkey Tail [Trametes versicolor] mushrooms.

#NewSpecies!
A newly discovered fungus from #china for #FungiFriday:

Clavaria divergens

Treatment: https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4CF53AAB-C5B0-5883-9D03-8E08D9AD2063
Publication: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774
#MycoKeys #ClavariaDivergens

#FAIRdata
#science #OA #openaccess #biology #taxonomy #ecology #biodiversity #nature #wildlife #conservation #fungi #mushrooms #mycology

Panus conchatus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Panus_conchatus.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone or, more frequently, gregariously to clustered, on decaying hardwood sticks and logs; spring through fall, and over winter in warm climates; originally described from France; widespread in Europe but less common in Mediterranean areas; widely distributed in North America from Canada to Mexico but apparently absent or rare in the southern Rocky Mountains; reported from the Caribbean and South America. The illustrated and described collections are from California, Illinois, and Missouri.

Cap: 3-12 cm wide; broadly convex at first, but soon developing a central depression or becoming deeply vase-shaped; dry; bald or minutely fuzzy but not prominently hairy; often radially wrinkled; purplish to purplish brown when young, becoming brown to tan or whitish in age but often retaining a purplish margin; often developing concentric zones of color; the colors often breaking up into patches with maturity; the margin inrolled at first, later sometimes becoming scalloped or lobed in places, and faintly lined.

Gills: Running down the stem; close or nearly distant; often forking; short-gills frequent; whitish to yellowish or purplish when fresh and young; becoming pale brownish.

Stem: 2-8 cm long; 1-1.5 cm wide; tough; often off-center or lateral; equal, or slightly enlarged toward the base; dry; hairy when young, especially toward the base; colored like the cap or paler; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: Whitish; very tough; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface negative to slowly greenish yellow.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4.5-6.5 x 2.5-4 m; ellipsoid to subcylindric; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia 30-50 x 5-7.5 m; widely cylindric to subclavate or slightly irregular; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia 25-60 x 5-10 m; cylindric to widely cylindric, subclavate, or subfusiform; smooth; developing walls up to 2 m thick; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a cutis; elements 2.5-5 m wide, smooth or very slightly encrusted, clamped at septa, hyaline to brownish in KOH.

Amanita farinosa

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Amanita_farinosa.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with hardwoods or conifers; sometimes appearing in urban, grassy areas near trees; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; early spring to late fall; widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains, from Quebec to Costa Rica--though a similar western species is probably undescribed (see comments below).

Cap: 2.5-6.5 cm; convex at first, becoming convex or nearly flat; dry; the surface dusted with fine, mealy powder which rubs off easily; occasionally with the powder gathered into a few scattered warts or patches; the margin prominently lined for 1-2 cm by maturity; brownish gray to brownish or nearly whitish; bald.

Gills: Free from the stem or slightly attached to it; whitish; close; short-gills few.

Stem: 3-9 cm long; 3-10 mm thick; more or less equal above a slight basal bulb that is often covered with grayish powder like the cap (sometimes only as a smear on the upper edge of the bulb); whitish; bald or slightly silky; without a ring; solid or partially hollow in age.

Flesh: White; not staining on exposure.

Odor: Not distinctive, although one author claims there is a: "strong, mink smell in old specimens" (Phillips, 1991). What I want to know is: Why was Roger Phillips sniffing a mink?

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-8 x 5-6 ; smooth; broadly lacrymoid to subamygdaliform; inamyloid. Pileipellis a cutis or ixocutis of elements 2-7 wide. Basidia 4-spored; unclamped. Lamellar trama bilateral; subhymenium with inflated cells.