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#Lava

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earthling<p>Two lavas holding hands © Norbert von Niman </p><p><a href="https://www.instagram.com/norrisniman/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="">instagram.com/norrisniman/</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p>via pangeen </p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/photography" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>photography</span></a></span> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Iceland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Iceland</span></a> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a></p>
Quake Map of the DayTitle: Signati<br>Author(s): Adib Murad<br>Date: 2015-09-02<br><br><a href="https://www.quaddicted.com/db/v1/maps/5b7c0b004bdfea7d1fceb9a70e71eaccdb8f14399679986206779a61a28e2012" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.quaddicted.com/db/v1/maps/5b7c0b004bdfea7d1fceb9a70e71eaccdb8f14399679986206779a61a28e2012</a><br><br><a class="hashtag" href="https://idtech.space/tag/cave" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#cave</a> <a class="hashtag" href="https://idtech.space/tag/lava" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lava</a> <a class="hashtag" href="https://idtech.space/tag/puzzle" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#puzzle</a> <a class="hashtag" href="https://idtech.space/tag/rock" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#rock</a> <a class="hashtag" href="https://idtech.space/tag/temple" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#temple</a> <a class="hashtag" href="https://idtech.space/tag/map" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#map</a> <a class="hashtag" href="https://idtech.space/tag/quake" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#quake</a>
N-gated Hacker News<p>🚀✨ "Breaking News: <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/English" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>English</span></a> boffins invent the meteorological equivalent of a <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/desktop" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>desktop</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/lamp" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lamp</span></a>, powered by the magic of cookies and JavaScript! 🔮☕ Meanwhile, millions discover that the true forecast is... '404 – Weather Not Found.' 🌧️❌"<br><a href="https://www.turing.ac.uk/blog/project-aardvark-reimagining-ai-weather-prediction" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">turing.ac.uk/blog/project-aard</span><span class="invisible">vark-reimagining-ai-weather-prediction</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Invention" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Invention</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/JavaScript" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>JavaScript</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Weather404" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Weather404</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/HackerNews" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HackerNews</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ngated" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ngated</span></a></p>
earthling<p>Lava patterns</p><p>by capturetheatlas</p><p><a href="https://www.instagram.com/capturetheatlas/p/CVLjSu5orjy/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">instagram.com/capturetheatlas/</span><span class="invisible">p/CVLjSu5orjy/</span></a></p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/photography" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>photography</span></a></span> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Iceland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Iceland</span></a> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/volcano" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>volcano</span></a> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a></p>
Sons Podcast 🎙️<p>Acabamos de publicar: #210 EL CIELO DE LA SELVA, ELAINE VILAR MADRUGA <a href="https://sons.red/librorum/2025/03/14/210-el-cielo-de-la-selva-elaine-vilar-madruga/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">sons.red/librorum/2025/03/14/2</span><span class="invisible">10-el-cielo-de-la-selva-elaine-vilar-madruga/</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ElCieloDeLaSelva" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ElCieloDeLaSelva</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ElaineVilarMadruga" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ElaineVilarMadruga</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/fantas%C3%ADa" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fantasía</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/novela" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>novela</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/RealismoM%C3%A1gico" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>RealismoMágico</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/terror" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>terror</span></a></p>
Geology & NatureBasalt with Olivine 🪨 <br> Formed as a result of rapid cooling of low-viscosity mafic lava. High temperatures and a high portion of magnesium and iron promotes the formation of green olivine crystals<br> <br> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/geology?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#geology</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/rock?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#rock</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/basalt?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#basalt</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/olivine?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#olivine</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/nature?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/lava?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lava</a>
kīpuka<p>Le saviez-vous&nbsp;? Le Piton de la Fournaise, à <a href="https://social.sciences.re/tags/LaR%C3%A9union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LaRéunion</span></a>, a autrefois présenté une activité de lac de lave, similaire à celle qui a lieu en ce moment à Hawaï et sur quelques rares autres volcans terrestres. Il existe plusieurs témoignages en ce sens aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, notamment celui de Bory de Saint-Vincent. Dans son récit «&nbsp;Voyage dans les quatre principales îles des mers d’Afrique&nbsp;», le naturaliste raconte le spectacle admiré lors de sa deuxième ascension du volcan en 1801&nbsp;:</p><p>«&nbsp;La bouche du volcan présentait une vaste chaudière de plus de deux cents toises de diamètre, pleine, jusqu’au bord, de matières fondues, assez fluides pour former des vagues. Au centre et là où j’avais vu les gerbes du 6 brumaire, s’élevaient en dôme et retombaient sur eux-mêmes, des flots de laves liquides et en incandescence, tandis que toute la surface de la chaudière était un peu ternie par une couche de scories fort minces. Le jour cette couche paraissait noirâtre&nbsp;; mais dans la nuit elle laissait percer une certaine lumière. Des fentes en zig-zag, pareilles aux carreaux de la foudre, très-multipliées, et à-peu-près disposées comme les rayons d’une circonférence, gerçaient la croûte scorieuse qui suivait une espèce de mouvement d’ondulation concentrique.&nbsp;»</p><p>Les vagues, les fentes en zig-zag dans la croûte, les ondulations… Sa description ne laisse aucune place au doute. La gravure qui l’accompagne est aussi éloquente, ici comparée au lac de lave du Nyiragongo, en République Démocratique du Congo.</p><p><a href="https://social.sciences.re/tags/volcan" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>volcan</span></a> <a href="https://social.sciences.re/tags/volcano" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>volcano</span></a> <a href="https://social.sciences.re/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a></p>
Christian GuerreroChocolate Lava Cake<br> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/dessert?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#dessert</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/chocolate?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#chocolate</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/food?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#food</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/cake?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#cake</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/sweet?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sweet</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/lava?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lava</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/delicious?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#delicious</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/baking?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#baking</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/chocolatelover?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#chocolatelover</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/treat?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#treat</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/vanilla?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#vanilla</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/icecream?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#icecream</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/spearmint?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#spearmint</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/foodart?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#foodart</a>
OptimusPrimeBot<p>Mount Etna volcano lava flow (3D), Sicily, Italy - February 17th, 2025 🌍🛰️</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/3d" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>3d</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/etna" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>etna</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/etnavolcano" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>etnavolcano</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/italy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>italy</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/landscape" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>landscape</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/lavaflow" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lavaflow</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/mountain" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mountain</span></a> </p><p>▶️ 1 new picture from <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://mastodon.world/@pierre_markuse" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>pierre_markuse</span></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Etna_volcano_lava_flow_%283D%29%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_February_17th%2C_2025_%2854369315461%29.jpg" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil</span><span class="invisible">e:Mount_Etna_volcano_lava_flow_%283D%29%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_February_17th%2C_2025_%2854369315461%29.jpg</span></a></p>
Il Simone ViaggiatoreLanzarote, El Golfo. <br> <br> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/photography?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/landscapephotography?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#landscapephotography</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/seascape?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#seascape</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/seascapephotography?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#seascapephotography</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/fotografia?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#fotografia</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/spagna?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#spagna</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/lanzarote?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lanzarote</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/elfgolfo?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#elfgolfo</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/canarie?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#canarie</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/canaryislands?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#canaryislands</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/canarias?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#canarias</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/vulcano?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#vulcano</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/paesaggio?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#paesaggio</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/fotografare?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#fotografare</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/travelblogger?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#travelblogger</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/travelblog?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#travelblog</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/travelphotography?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#travelphotography</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/nature?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/ocean?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ocean</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/natura?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#natura</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/oceano?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#oceano</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/atlantico?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#atlantico</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/vulcanico?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#vulcanico</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/vlucani?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#vlucani</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.uno/discover/tags/lava?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lava</a>
SusiRefreshing.<br> <br> <br> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/meermittwoch?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#meermittwoch</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/oceanwednesday?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#oceanwednesday</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/atlanticocean?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#atlanticocean</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/rocks?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#rocks</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/lava?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lava</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/island?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#island</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/travel?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#travel</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/travelphotography?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#travelphotography</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.de/discover/tags/tenerife?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#tenerife</a>
earthling<p>Volcanic eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula – Svartsengi, Reykjanes, <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Iceland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Iceland</span></a> </p><p>Gold in the nature photojournalism category</p><p>Photograph: Ael Kermarec/World Nature Photography awards</p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/photography" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>photography</span></a></span> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/volcano" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>volcano</span></a> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/snow" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>snow</span></a></p>
Christian GuerreroSecrets<br> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/art?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#art</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/animation?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#animation</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/digitalart?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#digitalart</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/palace?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#palace</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/castle?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#castle</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/travel?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#travel</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/prisma?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#prisma</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/magma?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#magma</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/lava?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lava</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/landscape?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#landscape</a>
Giuseppe Bilotta<p>Why does this all matter for <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> flow <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/modeling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>modeling</span></a>? Because most probably lava is non-Newtonian. This means that in our wish to determine how its viscosity depends on the chemical and physical properties of the melt, we're not looking for ONE functional relationship (the viscosity coefficient), but multiple ones: for example, assuming a Herschel–Bulkley model we'd need to find THREE such functional relationship: one for the yield strength, one for the exponent, and one for the coefficient. All of these measured on the actual lava flows across different volcanoes at different times and in completely uncontrolled conditions.</p><p>As you can see, not exactly the simplest of tasks.</p><p>And of course, if we don't have these functional relationship we can't actually model lava flows.</p><p>Or can we?</p><p>8/</p>
Giuseppe Bilotta<p>So, I mentioned already that we cannot really model <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> flows. The main reasons for that is that we don't actually know how lava behaves, at least not in sufficient detail.</p><p>Of course, lava is a fluid, and a (very) viscous one at that, so we know that it follows the Navier–Stokes equations. We also know that its behavior is heavily dependent on temperature, so we know that we also need the heat equation, with both kinds of boundary conditions (conduction to ground, and radiation on the free surface).</p><p>And that's all we know. Seriously.</p><p>OK, not really, but everything else is extremely uncertain. When modeling a viscous fluid (like lava, or any other geophysical flow for the matter), the first thing you need to know is what the viscosity is. And for lava, we don't know. There's a lot of things we do know, but not enough.<br>For example, we know that the viscosity depends on temperature, chemical composition, degree of crystalization, amount and types of volatiles in the melt, and so on and so forth. But we don't exactly know the laws relating the viscosity to all of these chemical and physical properties.</p><p>2/</p><p><a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/NavierStokes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NavierStokes</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/NavierStokesEquations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NavierStokesEquations</span></a></p>
Giuseppe Bilotta<p>I'm going to take advantage of the current <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/eruption" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>eruption</span></a> on Mt <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/Etna" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Etna</span></a> to discuss some of the challenges of <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/modelling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>modelling</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> flows. Buckle up (or just silence me) because this is going to be a long thread.</p><p>First of all, why do we want to model lava flows? The answer most definitely isn't «because we can», since —as I'm going to explain momentarily— we actually cannot. Still having an idea about how lava flows and sets in place is a powerful tool for the assessment (and possibly mitigation) of the associated <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/hazard" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>hazard</span></a> and <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/risk" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>risk</span></a>: if we can tell how lava flows, we can tell which areas are going to be reached by the lava, and hopefully also improve the design of tactical and strategic actions that can be taken to minimize the damage.</p><p>(Of course, whether or not those actions will then be taken is an entirely different matter, but that's mostly politics, not science.)</p><p>1/</p><p><a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/MtEtna" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MtEtna</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/modelling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>modelling</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/simulation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>simulation</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/CFD" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CFD</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/NaturalHazard" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NaturalHazard</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/hazardAssessment" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>hazardAssessment</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/riskAssessment" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>riskAssessment</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/riskMitigation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>riskMitigation</span></a></p>
Christian GuerreroEnigma<br> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/art?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#art</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/animation?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#animation</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/digitalart?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#digitalart</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/castle?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#castle</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/travel?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#travel</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/prisma?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#prisma</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/magma?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#magma</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/lava?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lava</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/landscape?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#landscape</a>
Backpack and Snorkel<p><a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/Iceland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Iceland</span></a> is a rugged and beautiful country. Its volcanic origin gives rise to <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> fields, geysers, <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/waterfalls" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>waterfalls</span></a> , lava tubes, <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/hotpools" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>hotpools</span></a> and beautiful <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/scenery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>scenery</span></a> . Here is a detailed itinerary for the Golden Circle and a Reykjavik walking tour. <a href="https://backpackandsnorkel.com/Iceland/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">backpackandsnorkel.com/Iceland</span><span class="invisible">/</span></a></p>
Backpack and Snorkel<p><a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/Iceland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Iceland</span></a> is a rugged and beautiful country. Its volcanic origin gives rise to <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a> fields, geysers, <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/waterfalls" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>waterfalls</span></a> , lava tubes, <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/hotpools" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>hotpools</span></a> and beautiful <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/scenery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>scenery</span></a> . Here is a detailed itinerary for the Golden Circle and a Reykjavik walking tour. <a href="https://backpackandsnorkel.com/Iceland/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">backpackandsnorkel.com/Iceland</span><span class="invisible">/</span></a></p>
Jennifer Jorgenson<p><a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Pic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Pic</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/pictures" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>pictures</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/picture" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>picture</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/pics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>pics</span></a> <br><a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/lava" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lava</span></a></p>