"The exemptions soften an already light blow. Nearly half of Brazil’s exports to the United States will be spared, estimates TS Lombard, an investment-research firm. As a result, Itaú Unibanco, a Brazilian bank, expects the effective tariff rate to be around 30%. Goldman Sachs has kept its GDP growth forecast for this year unchanged at 2.3%, citing the “notable” exemptions.
Some sectors will feel the pinch. Coffee is among the worst affected. Brazil ships almost half a million tonnes of beans to the United States each year, accounting for 16% of its coffee exports. The effect is already visible: shipments in July were down by a third from a year earlier, as importers delayed orders amid uncertainty. Cecafé, a coffee-producers’ trade body, warned of a “significant” impact on Brazilian roasters and traders. The beef industry will also suffer. Nearly 17% of Brazil’s beef exports went to the United States last year, and shipments have already slumped over the past few months. Fruit exporters—particularly of mangoes, açaí berries and other tropical fruits—face similar disruption.
Yet even these sectors may prove resilient. Brazil has steadily diversified its markets in recent years, and the most affected exports are commodities that can be redirected quite easily. The European Union remains the biggest buyer of Brazilian coffee. Sales to East Asia and the Middle East and North Africa rose by 25% and 61% respectively last year. Trade with China continues to grow. It already buys most of Brazil’s beef and, on August 2nd, approved imports from 183 new Brazilian coffee firms.
Some losses may also be absorbed through state support. Lula’s government has pledged targeted relief, including purchases of surplus stock from affected producers. Finally, there is hope that the tariffs could be eased. Rising prices in the United States could put pressure on the White House to change course."
https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2025/08/08/donald-trumps-tariffs-on-brazil-are-more-bark-than-bite