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#manhattanproject

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#Pioneering female #Chinese #American physicist Chien-Shiung Wu, who worked with Robert #Oppenheimer on the #ManhattanProject, was also the first to confirm #QuantumEntanglement – just 14 years after Albert #Einstein questioned the phenomenon. The largely forgotten achievement was included in a profile of Wu, one of the most influential experimental physicists of the 20th century, published in the December 2024 issue of Physics Today.

Wu is also believed to have been the only Chinese scientist involved in the Manhattan Project, the World War II initiative to develop an #AtomicBomb led by Oppenheimer, who affectionately referred to her as Jiejie, which means elder sister, the article said.

Wu’s experiment – detailed in a paper published in 1950 – was conducted before the #scientific community had fully grasped the significance of quantum entanglement, the article noted.

amp.scmp.com/news/china/scienc

South China Morning Post · Quantum entanglement theory first proved by Chinese woman in 1949Chien-Shiung Wu’s trailblazing but largely forgotten achievement features in a recent profile of the influential physicist.
Continued thread

Today’s #TMYK (3/365) is also a #PSA: The guidelines for visiting the Trinity test site (location of the first nuclear weapon detonation) have been revised.

Visitors are now permitted only one day per year (used to be two) and the Alamogordo Caravan has been indefinitely canceled. 😭

There is good news, though. Signups are no longer required and it doesn’t seem there’s a cap on attendance.

I know where I plan to be on October 18!

Deets: home.army.mil/wsmr/contact/pub

The grim reality of #nuclear #colonialism

RAE STREET highlights the dangers of #UraniumMining and its impact on #Indigenous peoples

November 16, 2023

"THERE is an abundance of reasons why it is folly to continue with building nuclear reactors.

"There is the cost which is huge compared with investing in more genuine sustainable energy. There is the problem with #RadioactiveWaste, for which there is no solution yet for the legacy waste, let alone producing more.

"There is the potential for attack: if wind turbines were attacked it would make for a difficult situation, but if a #NuclearReactor were to be sabotaged it would be the equivalent of a #NuclearBomb going off.

"And the latter also goes for a breakdown at a plant. We need to remember the effects of Chernobyl and Fukushima which continue to this day.

"Looking at #Britain, many of the nuclear reactors are sited on the coast and the proposed #SizewellC on the east coast. With #GlobalWarming, the sea level will rise and there is the chance of tidal surges with a threat to these reactors.

"But there is another factor which is never mentioned by the proponents of nuclear energy — the fuel used is uranium, and it will be in the future.

"This is mined mainly on the lands of indigenous people across the world. Countries and regions where uranium is mined include the land of the #FirstNations in Canada, the lands of the Navajo (Dine) in the southern United States, the land of the indigenous people of #Australia, Namibia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Niger, Greenland and #Kazakhstan.

"The miners and their families have suffered over the years from mining this dangerous radioactive mineral in poor conditions, with illness and early death.

"In a recent statement printed in the Morning Star, the people of Niger (note this is not Nigeria but Niger, a former French colony) said that they were fed up, 'because for over 50 years, #France has relied on uranium from #Niger for its energy security. We know that French farmers were generously compensated when their land was requisitioned in the 1970s to build nuclear reactors. But for our people the mines have only meant dangerous working conditions, ill health, and historically poor remuneration.'

"From the #DRC, a former Belgian colony, Joe-Yves Salankang Sa Ngol, of the Congolese Civil society in South Africa, said: “Before the uranium would destroy life in #Japan [referring to the nuclear bombs the US dropped on #Hiroshima and #Nagasaki] it first started by destroying life in Shinkolobwe.'

"The #Shinkolobwe mine in the DRC was owned by a Belgian company which sold its first 4,200 metric tons of uranium to the US for the #ManhattanProject.

"Here is what #JoshuaFrank said in his book, #AtomicDays, about the conditions. “Paid very little, at times less than the minimum wage, these miners would enter deep uranium shafts and chip away at the walls, often 1,500 feet below the earth’s crust.

“They filled their wheelbarrows with the uranium ore, all the while choking on soot and dust particles. It was dark. There was no ventilation. It was tremendously difficult, perilous work. They ate in the mines and drank water that dripped from the walls. The water contained high quantities of radon — a radioactive gas emanating from the ore.”

"He continued: '#Radon exposure causes lung diseases, the dangers of which were well known to scientists and the medical community prior to World War II. But the Dine [the #Navajo] were deemed expendable.'

"And Frank also said: 'In addition to the impact on #Dine health, their land too was ravaged. Upwards of three billion metric tons of waste was created as a result of extraction on Dine lands, a dizzying amount to poison native communities throughout the south-west [of the US] to this day.'

"These, and many more stories of the same situation across the globe, show how supporters of nuclear power have turned a blind eye to the suffering of the miners and their families, not to mention the devastation done to their land.

"However, in different regions the local people are fighting back. For example, in #Greenland, in 2021, a ban on uranium came into force after the Inuit government’s successful election campaign.

"There had been a ban earlier, but this was then overturned in 2013. But with the indigenous #Inuit now in control of the government, the ban will probably hold.

"If we turn to Britain, there is no significant amount of uranium to be found and there is no commercial mining. So, Britain must import uranium from #Canada and #Namibia.

"No thought seems to have been given by the two main political parties which support new nuclear build, or the trade unions, or the media proponents of nuclear power, to the shameful history of uranium mining which will continue if new reactors are built. It has been called nuclear colonialism.

"Several recent reports show that there is no need for nuclear; 100 per cent genuine #renewables can provide Britain with enough energy.

"Supporters of nuclear power should think hard about their positions. Surely, for example, workers in Britain would want to act in solidarity with their mining comrades across the world?"

morningstaronline.co.uk/articl

Morning Star · The grim reality of nuclear colonialismRAE STREET highlights the dangers of uranium mining and its impact on indigenous peoples
Replied in thread

@ShadSterling
@HistoPol @reuters @simon @annaleen

(1/n)

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROBERT OPPENHEIMER AND GEOFFREY HINTON?

Hm, that is a valid point.
On the other hand, I don't know how to build a car or even know how it functions in some detail. I do not need to know how to build one. I can still drive it.

A vast majority of educated people rightly asks why #RobertOppenheimer didn't stop the #ManhattanProject. He must have known at some point before it was too late.

This time,..."

Replied in thread

Dec 28, 1942 #WWII President Roosevelt approved a government investment in excess of $2 billion, $0.5 billion of which was itemized in report by the S-1 Committee on Dec 16. The #ManhattanProject was authorized to build full-scale plutonium plants as well as heavy water production facilities. Roosevelt's December 28 decision was almost inevitable in light of numerous earlier ones that, in incremental fashion, committed the United States to the pursuit of #atomic weapons. osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-pro

The National Park Service announced today the designation of 18 new communities across the United States as American World War II Heritage Cities. Contributions by a city to the #WWII home front war effort include defense manufacturing, such as ships, aircraft, uniforms, and equipment; production of food and consumer items for Armed Forces. #NPS #ManhattanProject #Nuclear nps.gov/orgs/1207/national-par

www.nps.govNational Park Service announces new American World War II Heritage Cities - Office of Communications (U.S. National Park Service)